Spatio-Temporal Variability in Water Quality and Zooplankton Assemblages within Chemususu Dam and Associated Rivers, Baringo County, Kenya
Main Article Content
Keywords
Zooplanktons, water quality, correlation, chemususu dam
Abstract
Zooplankton are important as they play a role in the food webs of aquatic ecosystem. However, anthropogenic activities have potential hazardous impact on zooplankton. Zooplankton responds rapidly to chemical and physical changes in the water environment they occupy. Thus, their presence in a reservoir is an important biological indicator of its water quality. The present study aimed to determine spatial and seasonal variation of zooplankton community structure in relation to water quality in Chemususu dam and associated rivers. Samples were taken from six sampling sites, River Sawich (R1) and River Barain (R2), which are the two main in-flowing rivers, in the dam three selected stations (D1, D2 and D3) and the outlet, river Chemususu (R3). The study was carried out during the dry season (December 2016 to March 2017) and wet season (May to July 2017). Water quality parameters was evaluated using YSI multiparameter, nutrients were analyzed using Hach calorimeter, and zooplankton composition using microscopy. Further the data analysis was done using diversity indices, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and canonical correspondence analysis. The physicochemical parameters displayed disparity in relation to with temperature, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, total soluble solids, salinity, pH, nitrates, and carbonates showed significant spatial variation while, conductivity, turbidity, phosphates, and chlorides indicated significant seasonal variation (p<0.05). Species diversity and evenness (Shannon Wiener) differed significantly (p<0.05) among the sampling sites. The highest values of both diversity and evenness were recorded in D1 while lowest value was reported in R. Chemususu. The highest values of both diversity and evenness were recorded during wet season. Findings further showed that physicochemical parameters recorded significant positive interrelationships with zooplankton abundance, which have links to anthropogenic activities within the study area. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that the first and second components accounted for 91.6% of variance with NO3, DO, Cl, salinity and TDS influencing the abundance of Rotifera and Ostracoda in the wet season. Whereas turbidity, CO3, conductivity and TSS influenced the abundance of Cladocera and Copepoda. There were significant interrelationships between physicochemical parameters and zooplankton abundance in the rivers and Chemususu Dam. However, there is need to examine trends of water quality over years and establish relationship between zooplankton and phytoplankton.
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Emily J. Chemoiwa, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
Pixley Kipsumbai , Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125-30100 Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Kenya