The Moderating Effect of Agility on The Relationship Between Employee Empowerment and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi County
Main Article Content
Keywords
Agility, manufacturing firms, performance, empowermen, employee, Nairobi County
Abstract
In the past decade, the manufacturing sector in Kenya has experienced significant challenges, with several enterprises issuing profit warnings and some shutting down operations due to an unfavorable operational environment. This has raised concerns about the sector's ability to sustain growth and remain competitive. Employee empowerment, recognized as a driver of organizational performance, has been widely adopted by firms to improve employee engagement, productivity and innovation. However, despite the implementation of empowerment strategies, many manufacturing firms in Nairobi County continue to underperform. This raises the question of whether other factors influence the effectiveness of employee empowerment in enhancing performance. Organizational agility, the capacity of firms to adapt quickly to market changes and operational challenges, may play a moderating role in this relationship. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the moderating effect of organizational agility on the relationship between employee empowerment and the performance of manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The study was anchored on the Resource Based View Theory. A positivist research paradigm and an explanatory research design were adopted in the study. The target population was 561 registered manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. A sample size of 234 manufacturing firms were obtained using Taro Yamane formula, and the respondents were managers of firms selected through simple random sampling technique. Primary data were collected using closed-ended questionnaires and a pilot study was conducted in Eldoret Town. Reliability of the research instrument was tested using a Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.7, while validity was tested using factor analysis. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26 employing both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The study results indicate that employee empowerment (β=0.354, p<0.05) have a significant effect on firm performance. Moderation results indicated that agility significantly moderates the relationship between employee engagement (β= 0.088, p>0.05) and firm performance. This suggests that while agility contributes to firm performance, its direct influence in moderating the empowerment-performance relationship may not be as impactful. To optimize the performance of manufacturing firms, it's imperative to prioritize the refinement of system procedures while concurrently empowering key human resource elements.
References
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Akkaya, B., & Qaısar, I. (2021). Linking dynamic capabilities and market performance of SMEs: The moderating role of organizational agility. Istanbul Business Research, 50(2), 197-214.
Akoth Okwako, J. (2018). Assessing Implementation of Energy Efficiency Practices and Industrial Energy Management: A Case Study of Kenyan Industries (Master's thesis, PAUWES).
Al Zeer, I., Ajouz, M., & Salahat, M. (2023). Conceptual model of predicting employee performance through the mediating role of employee engagement and empowerment. International Journal of Educational Management, 37(5), 986-1004.
Ali, A., Huang, J., Ali, Z., & Li, Z. (2017, May). The Effects of Empowerment, Training, and Teamwork on Employee Job Satisfaction: Case of the Agricultural Manufacturing Sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. In 2017 International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2017) (pp. 32-39). Atlantis Press.
Alshemmari, J. M. H. J. (2023). An Empirical Study on Employee Empowerment Role in Increasing Efficiency of Employee Performance. Journal of Logistics, Informatics and Service Science, 10(1), 52-71.
Ameer, M. H., Bhatti, S., & Baig, S. (2014). Impact of employee empowerment on job satisfaction. Developing country studies, 4(9), 114-125.
Appelbaum, E. (2000). Manufacturing advantage: Why high-performance work systems pay off. Economic Policy Institute.
Arend, R. J., & Lévesque, M. (2010). Is the resource-based view a practical organizational theory?. Organization Science, 21(4), 913-930.
Aswan, A. (2023). Moderation role of strategic agility in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage in SMEs. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 14(1), 125-142.
Barney, J. (1991). Special theory forum the resource-based model of the firm: origins, implications, and prospects. Journal of management, 17(1), 97-98.
Berraies, S., Chaher, M., & Yahia, K. B. (2014). Employee empowerment and its importance for trust, innovation and organizational performance. Business Management and Strategy, 5(2), 82-103.
Bester, J., Stander, M. W., & Van Zyl, L. E. (2015). Leadership empowering behaviour, psychological empowerment, organisational citizenship behaviours and turnover intention in a manufacturing division. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 41(1), 1-14.
Bowen, D. E., & Lawler, E. E. (1992). The empowerment of service workers: What, why, how, and when. Sloan Management Review, 33(3), 31-39.
Bratnicki, M., Książek, D., & Kozłowski, R. (2007). Innovation processes in modern organizations: Directions and challenges. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(2), 180-196.
Chang, L. C., & Liu, C. H. (2008). Employee empowerment, innovative behavior and job productivity of public health
nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 45(10), 1442-1448.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.
Dabo, Z., & Ndan, R. T. (2018). Impact of employee empowerment on organization performance: evidence from quoted bottling companies in kaduna. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2(1), 360-369.
Doz, Y. L., & Kosonen, M. (2010). Embedding strategic agility: A leadership agenda for accelerating business model renewal. Long Range Planning, 43(2-3), 370-382.
Dubrin, A. J. (2010). Principles of Leadership 6th edition South Western engage-learning Canada.
Echebiri, C., Amundsen, S., & Engen, M. (2020). Linking structural empowerment to employee-driven innovation: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Administrative sciences, 10(3), 42.
Emeka, N., Amaka, O., & Ejim, E. P. (2015). The effect of employee motivation on organizational performance of selected manufacturing firms in Enugu state. World Journal of Management and Behavioral Studies, 3(1), 1-8.
Felin, T., & Powell, T. C. (2016). Designing organizations for dynamic capabilities. California Management Review, 58(4), 78-96.
Gibbons, P. (2015). The science of successful organizational change: How leaders set strategy, change behavior, and create an agile culture. FT Press.
Gumato U. (2003), Survey Of The Relationship Between The Perceived Empowerment And Job Satisfaction Of Employees In Commercial Banks In Nairobi, Unpublished MBA Thesis, University of Nairobi
Hayati, K., Ahadiat, A., & Siddik, A. F. (2022). Moderating Role of Agility in the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Supervisor Support for Organizational Change at PT PLN (Persero). Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 22(23), 77-88.
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Ibua, M. P., K’obonyo, P., & Ogutu, M. (2016). The moderating effect of institutional factors on the relationship between employee empowerment and performance of public universities in Kenya. Unpublished PhD thesis at University of Nairobi.
Isimoya, A. O., & Bakarey, B. E. (2013). Employees’ empowerment and customers’ satisfaction in insurance industry in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 3(5), 1-11.
Jocelyne, S., & Kariuki, M. (2020). Human capital, employee empowerment and organization performance. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(9), 319-332.
KAM (Kenya Association of Manufacturers) (2018). Manufacturing in Kenya under the ‘Big 4 Agenda’, a sector deep-dive Report. Retrieved 20-10-2018 from kam.co.ke/kam/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/kam
Katz, J. A., & Green, R. P. (2009). Entrepreneurial small business (Vol. 200). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Kenneth, M., Lopes, P., & Houghton, R. (2011). The role of emotional intelligence in the prediction of organizational commitment and job performance. Journal of Management Development, 30(4), 344-355.
Kesting, P., Song, L. J., Qin, Z., & Krol, M. (2016). The role of employee participation in generating and commercialising innovations: insights from Chinese high-tech firms. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(10), 1059-1081.
Khraim, H. (2022). The influence of technological innovative capabilities on firm performance: Moderating effect of strategic agility. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(2), 459-470.
Kim, D. O., & Bae, J. (2005). Workplace innovation, employment relations and HRM: two electronics companies in South Korea. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(7), 1277-1302.
Knol, J., & Van Linge, R. (2009). Innovative behaviour: The effect of structural and psychological empowerment on nurses. Journal of advanced nursing, 65(2), 359-370.
Kraaijenbrink, J., Spender, J. C., & Groen, A. J. (2010). The resource-based view: A review and assessment of its critiques. Journal of management, 36(1), 349-372.
Krishnan, A., Were, A., & te Velde, D. W. (2019). Integrating Kenya’s small firms into leather, textiles and garments value chains’. Background Paper. London: Supporting Economic Transformation.
Kuo, T. H., Ho, L. A., Lin, C., & Lai, K. K. (2010). Employee empowerment in a technology advanced work environment. Industrial management & data systems, 110(1), 24-42.
Liu, Y., Lepak, D. P., Takeuchi, R., & Sims, H. P. (2003). Matching leadership styles with employment modes: Strategic human resource management perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 13(1), 127-152.
Lockett, A., Thompson, S., & Morgenstern, U. (2009). The development of the resource‐based view of the firm: A
critical appraisal. International journal of management reviews, 11(1), 9-28.
McKelvie, A., & Davidsson, P. (2009). From resource base to dynamic capabilities: an investigation of new firms. British Journal of Management, 20, S63-S80.
Mills, P. K., & Ungson, G. R. (2003). Reassessing the limits of structural empowerment: Organizational constitution and trust as controls. Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 143–153.
Mitullah, W., Kamau, P., & Kivuva, J. M. (2017). Employment Creation in Agriculture & Agro‐Processing Sector in Kenya in the Context of Inclusive Growth: Political Economy & Settlement Analysis. Partnership for African Social and Governance Research Working Paper, 20.
Moenga, K. O. (2011). Supply chain management practices and challenges for the small scale tea sector in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Narasimhan, R., Swink, M., & Kim, S. W. (2006). Disentangling leanness and agility: an empirical investigation. Journal of operations management, 24(5), 440-457.
Nzuve, S.N.M. & Bakari, T.H. (2012). The Relationship between empowerment and performance in the City Council of Nairobi. Problems of management in the 21st Century. Vol 5, pp. 83-98.
Odero, Jackline & Egessa, Dr. robert & Oseno, Ben. (2020). Influence of employee empowerment on performance: evidence from deposit taking sacco’s in Kenya. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 5 (10), pp 35- 48.
Odongo, R. (2006). Leadership and organizational learning in the health sector. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 20(6), 412-428
Okochi, K., & Ateke, B. W. (2020). Employee empowerment: A strategy for optimizing employee performance. Nigerian Journal of Business and Social Review, 11(2), 125-137
Olivier, A.L. & Rothmann, S. (2007). Antecedents of work engagement in a multinational oil company. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 33(3), a396
Pradhan, R. K., Panda, M., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Transformational leadership and psychological empowerment: The mediating effect of organizational culture in Indian retail industry. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 30(1), 82-95.
Sadeli, J. (2012). The influence of leadership, talent management, organizational culture and organizational support on employee engagement. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 5(3), 1-21.
Saha, N., Sáha, T., Gregar, A., & Sáha, P. (2020). Organizational agility and organizational learning: do they accelerate organizational innovation and competency?. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, ECIE. Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited.
Salandri, L., Rizzo, G. L. C., Cozzolino, A., & De Giovanni, P. (2022). Green practices and operational performance: The moderating role of agility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 375, 134091.
Salanova, M., & Llorens, S. (2014). Employee empowerment and engagement. Workplace Well‐being: How to Build Psychologically Healthy Workplaces, 117-141.
Seibert, S. E., Silver, S. R., & Randolph, W. A. (2004). Taking empowerment to the next level: A multiple-level model of empowerment, performance, and satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 332-349.
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: a meta-analytic review. Journal of applied psychology, 96(5), 981.
Sheehan, H., & Toss, P. (2007). The RBV in a learning organization. Journal of management, 27(6), 610-641.
Singh, V. (2016). Employee empowerment and job satisfaction: An empirical study of manufacturing sector. International journal of business quantitative economics and applied management research, 2(9).
Talaja, A. (2012). Resource-based view of strategic alliances: A study of Croatian firms. Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 17(1), 51- 72.
Tallon, P. P., & Pinsonneault, A. (2011). Competing perspectives on the link between strategic information technology alignment and organizational agility: Insights from a mediation model. MIS Quarterly, 35(2), 463-486.
Teece, D. J., Peteraf, M. A., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13-35.
Thomas, A., Pham, D. T., Francis, M., & Fisher, R. (2015). Creating resilient and sustainable manufacturing businesses–a conceptual fitness model. International Journal of Production Research, 53(13), 3934-3946.
Were, A. (2016). Manufacturing in Kenya: Features, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Science, Management and Engineering, 4(6), 15-26.
Yildiz, T., & Aykanat, Z. (2021). The mediating role of organizational innovation on the impact of strategic agility on firm performance. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 17(4), 765-786.
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of management journal, 53(1), 107-128.
Žitkienė, R., & Deksnys, M. (2018). Organizational agility conceptual model. Montenegrin journal of economics. Podgorica: Economic Laboratory Transition Research Podgorica-Elit, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 2.
Akkaya, B., & Qaısar, I. (2021). Linking dynamic capabilities and market performance of SMEs: The moderating role of organizational agility. Istanbul Business Research, 50(2), 197-214.
Akoth Okwako, J. (2018). Assessing Implementation of Energy Efficiency Practices and Industrial Energy Management: A Case Study of Kenyan Industries (Master's thesis, PAUWES).
Al Zeer, I., Ajouz, M., & Salahat, M. (2023). Conceptual model of predicting employee performance through the mediating role of employee engagement and empowerment. International Journal of Educational Management, 37(5), 986-1004.
Ali, A., Huang, J., Ali, Z., & Li, Z. (2017, May). The Effects of Empowerment, Training, and Teamwork on Employee Job Satisfaction: Case of the Agricultural Manufacturing Sector in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan. In 2017 International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2017) (pp. 32-39). Atlantis Press.
Alshemmari, J. M. H. J. (2023). An Empirical Study on Employee Empowerment Role in Increasing Efficiency of Employee Performance. Journal of Logistics, Informatics and Service Science, 10(1), 52-71.
Ameer, M. H., Bhatti, S., & Baig, S. (2014). Impact of employee empowerment on job satisfaction. Developing country studies, 4(9), 114-125.
Appelbaum, E. (2000). Manufacturing advantage: Why high-performance work systems pay off. Economic Policy Institute.
Arend, R. J., & Lévesque, M. (2010). Is the resource-based view a practical organizational theory?. Organization Science, 21(4), 913-930.
Aswan, A. (2023). Moderation role of strategic agility in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and competitive advantage in SMEs. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 14(1), 125-142.
Barney, J. (1991). Special theory forum the resource-based model of the firm: origins, implications, and prospects. Journal of management, 17(1), 97-98.
Berraies, S., Chaher, M., & Yahia, K. B. (2014). Employee empowerment and its importance for trust, innovation and organizational performance. Business Management and Strategy, 5(2), 82-103.
Bester, J., Stander, M. W., & Van Zyl, L. E. (2015). Leadership empowering behaviour, psychological empowerment, organisational citizenship behaviours and turnover intention in a manufacturing division. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 41(1), 1-14.
Bowen, D. E., & Lawler, E. E. (1992). The empowerment of service workers: What, why, how, and when. Sloan Management Review, 33(3), 31-39.
Bratnicki, M., Książek, D., & Kozłowski, R. (2007). Innovation processes in modern organizations: Directions and challenges. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20(2), 180-196.
Chang, L. C., & Liu, C. H. (2008). Employee empowerment, innovative behavior and job productivity of public health
nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International journal of nursing studies, 45(10), 1442-1448.
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.
Dabo, Z., & Ndan, R. T. (2018). Impact of employee empowerment on organization performance: evidence from quoted bottling companies in kaduna. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2(1), 360-369.
Doz, Y. L., & Kosonen, M. (2010). Embedding strategic agility: A leadership agenda for accelerating business model renewal. Long Range Planning, 43(2-3), 370-382.
Dubrin, A. J. (2010). Principles of Leadership 6th edition South Western engage-learning Canada.
Echebiri, C., Amundsen, S., & Engen, M. (2020). Linking structural empowerment to employee-driven innovation: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Administrative sciences, 10(3), 42.
Emeka, N., Amaka, O., & Ejim, E. P. (2015). The effect of employee motivation on organizational performance of selected manufacturing firms in Enugu state. World Journal of Management and Behavioral Studies, 3(1), 1-8.
Felin, T., & Powell, T. C. (2016). Designing organizations for dynamic capabilities. California Management Review, 58(4), 78-96.
Gibbons, P. (2015). The science of successful organizational change: How leaders set strategy, change behavior, and create an agile culture. FT Press.
Gumato U. (2003), Survey Of The Relationship Between The Perceived Empowerment And Job Satisfaction Of Employees In Commercial Banks In Nairobi, Unpublished MBA Thesis, University of Nairobi
Hayati, K., Ahadiat, A., & Siddik, A. F. (2022). Moderating Role of Agility in the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Supervisor Support for Organizational Change at PT PLN (Persero). Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 22(23), 77-88.
Hesterly, W., & Barney, J. (2014). Strategic management and competitive advantage. Pearson/Education.
Ibua, M. P., K’obonyo, P., & Ogutu, M. (2016). The moderating effect of institutional factors on the relationship between employee empowerment and performance of public universities in Kenya. Unpublished PhD thesis at University of Nairobi.
Isimoya, A. O., & Bakarey, B. E. (2013). Employees’ empowerment and customers’ satisfaction in insurance industry in Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 3(5), 1-11.
Jocelyne, S., & Kariuki, M. (2020). Human capital, employee empowerment and organization performance. International Academic Journal of Human Resource and Business Administration, 3(9), 319-332.
KAM (Kenya Association of Manufacturers) (2018). Manufacturing in Kenya under the ‘Big 4 Agenda’, a sector deep-dive Report. Retrieved 20-10-2018 from kam.co.ke/kam/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/kam
Katz, J. A., & Green, R. P. (2009). Entrepreneurial small business (Vol. 200). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Kenneth, M., Lopes, P., & Houghton, R. (2011). The role of emotional intelligence in the prediction of organizational commitment and job performance. Journal of Management Development, 30(4), 344-355.
Kesting, P., Song, L. J., Qin, Z., & Krol, M. (2016). The role of employee participation in generating and commercialising innovations: insights from Chinese high-tech firms. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(10), 1059-1081.
Khraim, H. (2022). The influence of technological innovative capabilities on firm performance: Moderating effect of strategic agility. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(2), 459-470.
Kim, D. O., & Bae, J. (2005). Workplace innovation, employment relations and HRM: two electronics companies in South Korea. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(7), 1277-1302.
Knol, J., & Van Linge, R. (2009). Innovative behaviour: The effect of structural and psychological empowerment on nurses. Journal of advanced nursing, 65(2), 359-370.
Kraaijenbrink, J., Spender, J. C., & Groen, A. J. (2010). The resource-based view: A review and assessment of its critiques. Journal of management, 36(1), 349-372.
Krishnan, A., Were, A., & te Velde, D. W. (2019). Integrating Kenya’s small firms into leather, textiles and garments value chains’. Background Paper. London: Supporting Economic Transformation.
Kuo, T. H., Ho, L. A., Lin, C., & Lai, K. K. (2010). Employee empowerment in a technology advanced work environment. Industrial management & data systems, 110(1), 24-42.
Liu, Y., Lepak, D. P., Takeuchi, R., & Sims, H. P. (2003). Matching leadership styles with employment modes: Strategic human resource management perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 13(1), 127-152.
Lockett, A., Thompson, S., & Morgenstern, U. (2009). The development of the resource‐based view of the firm: A
critical appraisal. International journal of management reviews, 11(1), 9-28.
McKelvie, A., & Davidsson, P. (2009). From resource base to dynamic capabilities: an investigation of new firms. British Journal of Management, 20, S63-S80.
Mills, P. K., & Ungson, G. R. (2003). Reassessing the limits of structural empowerment: Organizational constitution and trust as controls. Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 143–153.
Mitullah, W., Kamau, P., & Kivuva, J. M. (2017). Employment Creation in Agriculture & Agro‐Processing Sector in Kenya in the Context of Inclusive Growth: Political Economy & Settlement Analysis. Partnership for African Social and Governance Research Working Paper, 20.
Moenga, K. O. (2011). Supply chain management practices and challenges for the small scale tea sector in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Narasimhan, R., Swink, M., & Kim, S. W. (2006). Disentangling leanness and agility: an empirical investigation. Journal of operations management, 24(5), 440-457.
Nzuve, S.N.M. & Bakari, T.H. (2012). The Relationship between empowerment and performance in the City Council of Nairobi. Problems of management in the 21st Century. Vol 5, pp. 83-98.
Odero, Jackline & Egessa, Dr. robert & Oseno, Ben. (2020). Influence of employee empowerment on performance: evidence from deposit taking sacco’s in Kenya. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 5 (10), pp 35- 48.
Odongo, R. (2006). Leadership and organizational learning in the health sector. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 20(6), 412-428
Okochi, K., & Ateke, B. W. (2020). Employee empowerment: A strategy for optimizing employee performance. Nigerian Journal of Business and Social Review, 11(2), 125-137
Olivier, A.L. & Rothmann, S. (2007). Antecedents of work engagement in a multinational oil company. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 33(3), a396
Pradhan, R. K., Panda, M., & Jena, L. K. (2017). Transformational leadership and psychological empowerment: The mediating effect of organizational culture in Indian retail industry. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 30(1), 82-95.
Sadeli, J. (2012). The influence of leadership, talent management, organizational culture and organizational support on employee engagement. International Research Journal of Business Studies, 5(3), 1-21.
Saha, N., Sáha, T., Gregar, A., & Sáha, P. (2020). Organizational agility and organizational learning: do they accelerate organizational innovation and competency?. In Proceedings of the European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, ECIE. Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited.
Salandri, L., Rizzo, G. L. C., Cozzolino, A., & De Giovanni, P. (2022). Green practices and operational performance: The moderating role of agility. Journal of Cleaner Production, 375, 134091.
Salanova, M., & Llorens, S. (2014). Employee empowerment and engagement. Workplace Well‐being: How to Build Psychologically Healthy Workplaces, 117-141.
Seibert, S. E., Silver, S. R., & Randolph, W. A. (2004). Taking empowerment to the next level: A multiple-level model of empowerment, performance, and satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 332-349.
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., & Courtright, S. H. (2011). Antecedents and consequences of psychological and team empowerment in organizations: a meta-analytic review. Journal of applied psychology, 96(5), 981.
Sheehan, H., & Toss, P. (2007). The RBV in a learning organization. Journal of management, 27(6), 610-641.
Singh, V. (2016). Employee empowerment and job satisfaction: An empirical study of manufacturing sector. International journal of business quantitative economics and applied management research, 2(9).
Talaja, A. (2012). Resource-based view of strategic alliances: A study of Croatian firms. Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 17(1), 51- 72.
Tallon, P. P., & Pinsonneault, A. (2011). Competing perspectives on the link between strategic information technology alignment and organizational agility: Insights from a mediation model. MIS Quarterly, 35(2), 463-486.
Teece, D. J., Peteraf, M. A., & Leih, S. (2016). Dynamic capabilities and organizational agility: Risk, uncertainty, and strategy in the innovation economy. California Management Review, 58(4), 13-35.
Thomas, A., Pham, D. T., Francis, M., & Fisher, R. (2015). Creating resilient and sustainable manufacturing businesses–a conceptual fitness model. International Journal of Production Research, 53(13), 3934-3946.
Were, A. (2016). Manufacturing in Kenya: Features, challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Science, Management and Engineering, 4(6), 15-26.
Yildiz, T., & Aykanat, Z. (2021). The mediating role of organizational innovation on the impact of strategic agility on firm performance. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 17(4), 765-786.
Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. M. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of management journal, 53(1), 107-128.
Žitkienė, R., & Deksnys, M. (2018). Organizational agility conceptual model. Montenegrin journal of economics. Podgorica: Economic Laboratory Transition Research Podgorica-Elit, 2018, vol. 14, iss. 2.
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Sep 21, 2024
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Kimeli, K., Kosgei , D., & Boit, R. (2024). The Moderating Effect of Agility on The Relationship Between Employee Empowerment and Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nairobi County. Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research Studies, 2(3), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.69897/jobemrs.v2i3.145
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Author Biographies
Korir Kimeli, Department of Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Kesses, Kenya
Department of Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, Kenya
David Kosgei , Department of Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Kesses, Kenya
Department of Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, Kenya
Rose Boit, Department of Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900-30100, Kesses, Kenya
Department of Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, Kenya