The Mediating Role of Frugal Innovation in the Relationship between Environmental Uncertainty and Organization Performance in Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSEs)
Main Article Content
Keywords
Environmental uncertainty, frugal innovation, organization performance, medium sized enterprises
Abstract
In the new global economy, marked by environmental uncertainty is an opportunity and a threat to businesses. Organization with greater innovativeness will be more successful in responding to changing environments and in developing new capabilities that allow them to achieve better performance. The objective of the study was to determine the mediation effect of frugal innovation on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and performance of medium sized enterprises in Kenya. To test the current study hypothesis, we apply linear regressions. Sample sizes of 291 firms were selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Data was collected using structured questioners and items anchored on a five-point likert scale. The results showed that environmental uncertainty had a positive and significant effect on organization performance, and environmental uncertainty had a positive and significant effect on frugal innovation. Additionally, frugal innovation had a positive and significant effect on organization performance. Lastly, frugal innovation had a mediating effect on the relationship between environmental uncertainty and organization performance. The study concludes that environmental uncertainty and frugal innovation are determinants of organization performance. Hence, frugal innovation in conditions of high environmental uncertainty is related to new product and high organization performance. This study offers insights to managers and practitioners dealing with network services, showing the potential benefits of competitive strategies while facing the initial phases of the dissemination process.
References
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DeSarbo, W. S., Hwang, H., Stadler Blank, A., & Kappe, E. (2015). Constrained stochastic extended redundancy analysis. Psychometrika, 80, 516-534.
Droge, C., Calantone, R., & Harmancioglu, N. (2008). New product success: is it really controllable by managers in highly turbulent environments?. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(3), 272-286.
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Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1950). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression: I. Biometrika, 37(3/4), 409-428.
Ernst, H., Kahle, H. N., Dubiel, A., Prabhu, J., & Subramaniam, M. (2015). The antecedents and consequences of affordable value innovations for emerging markets. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 65-79.
Fazal, H., Muhammad, J., & Zahoor, U. H. (2020). Operational perspective of SMEs performance and competitive priorities practices: Path analytic approach. Studies in Business and Economics, 15(1), 55-67.
Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions.
Green, K. (2008). Understanding physical education. Sage.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2010) Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hattab, M. W., & Ruppert, D. (2021). A mixed model approach to measurement error in semiparametric regression. Statistics and Computing, 31, 1-14.
Helfat, Constance E, Sydney Finkelstein, Will Mitchell, Margaret Peteraf, Harbir Singh,
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Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: what's the bottom line?. Strategic management journal, 22(2), 125-139.
Hossain, M. (2020). Frugal innovation: Conception, development, diffusion, and outcome. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121456.
Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R. F., & Knight, G. A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial marketing management, 33(5), 429-438.
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Igartua, J. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: Concepts, computations, and some common confusions. The Spanish journal of psychology, 24, e49.
Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance. Journal of business research, 64(4), 408-417.
Johnston, R., & Pongatichat, P. (2008). Managing the tension between performance measurement and strategy: coping strategies. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 28(10), 941-967.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, 4th ed., pp. 233–265). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, 4th ed., pp. 233–265). Boston: McGrawHill
Koubaa, R. R., & Jarboui, A. (2017). Direct and mediated associations among earnings quality, book-tax differences and the audit quality. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(3), 293-316.
Koubaa, R. R., & Jarboui, A. (2017). Direct and mediated associations among earnings quality, book-tax differences and the audit quality. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(3), 293-316.
Kyrgidou, L. P., & Spyropoulou, S. (2013). Drivers and performance outcomes of innovativeness: An empirical study. British Journal of Management, 24(3), 281-298.
Lavery, M. R., Acharya, P., Sivo, S. A., & Xu, L. (2019). Number of predictors and multicollinearity: What are their effects on error and bias in regression?. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 48(1), 27-38.
Li, H., & Atuahene-Gima, K. (2001). Product innovation strategy and the performance of new technology ventures in China. Academy of management Journal, 44(6), 1123-1134.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of business venturing, 16(5), 429-451.
Marques, C. S., & Ferreira, J. (2009). SME innovative capacity, competitive advantage and performance in a'traditional'industrial region of Portugal. Journal of technology management & innovation, 4(4), 53-68.
Martin, W. E., & Bridgmon, K. D. (2012). Quantitative and statistical research methods: From hypothesis to results. John Wiley & Sons.
Meyer, A. D., & Goes, J. B. (1988). Organizational assimilation of innovations: A multilevel contextual analysis. Academy of management journal, 31(4), 897-923.
Nguyen, C. T. P., Nguyen, D. T., & Nguyen, H. T. (2023). Personality traits and firm innovation performance: the mediation effect of entrepreneurial innovativeness. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(1), 113-132.
Nohria, N., & Gulati, R. (1996). Is slack good or bad for innovation?. Academy of management Journal, 39(5), 1245-1264.
Oly Ndubisi, N., & Iftikhar, K. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and performance: Comparing small and medium‐size enterprises. Journal of Research in Marketing and entrepreneurship, 14(2), 214-236.
Pitelli, J. P. M., & Letelier, P. S. (2011). Quantum singularities in static spacetimes. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 20(05), 729-743.
Prause, G. (2019). Smart contracts for smart supply chains. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 2501-2506.
Radicic, D., & Djalilov, K. (2019). The impact of technological and non-technological innovations on export intensity in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(4), 612-638.
Ramanujam, V., & Venkatraman, N. (1987). Planning system characteristics and planning effectiveness. Strategic Management Journal, 8(5), 453-468.
Roberts, P. W., & Amit, R. (2003). The dynamics of innovative activity and competitive advantage: The case of Australian retail banking, 1981 to 1995. Organization science, 14(2), 107-122.
Rossetto, D. E., Borini, F. M., Bernardes, R. C., & Frankwick, G. L. (2023). Measuring frugal innovation capabilities: An initial scale proposition. Technovation, 121, 102674.
Ruppert, D., Wand, M. P., & Carroll, R. J. (2003). Semiparametric regression (No. 12). Cambridge university press.
Sabherwal, R., & Chan, Y. E. (2001). Alignment between business and IS strategies: A study of prospectors, analyzers, and defenders. Information systems research, 12(1), 11-33.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2003). Research methods forbusiness students. Essex: Prentice Hall: Financial Times.
Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611.
Stede, W. A. V. D., Chow, C. W., & Lin, T. W. (2006). Strategy, choice of performance measures, and performance. Behavioral research in accounting, 18(1), 185-205.
Steelman, Z. R., Havakhor, T., Sabherwal, R., & Sabherwal, S. (2019). Performance consequences of information technology investments: Implications of emphasizing new or current information technologies. Information systems research, 30(1), 204-218.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516). Boston, MA: pearson.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic management journal, 18(7), 509-533.
Tiwari, R., Kalogerakis, K., & Herstatt, C. (2014). Frugal innovation and analogies: some propositions for product development in emerging economies.
Tsai, K. H., & Yang, S. Y. (2013). Firm innovativeness and business performance: The joint moderating effects of market turbulence and competition. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(8), 1279-1294.
Uzkurt, C., Ceyhan, S., Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Akpinar, M. T. (2023). Government support, employee motivation and job performance in the COVID-19 times: evidence from Turkish SMEs during the short work period. International Journal of Emerging Markets.
Uzkurt, C., Kumar, R., Kimzan, H. S., & Sert, H. (2012). The impact of environmental uncertainty dimensions on organisational innovativeness: An empirical study on SMEs. International Journal of Innovation Management, 16(02), 1250015.
Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1987). Planning system success: a conceptualization and an operational model. Management science, 33(6), 687-705.
Wadho, W., & Chaudhry, A. (2018). Innovation and firm performance in developing countries: The case of Pakistani textile and apparel manufacturers. Research Policy, 47(7), 1283-1294.
Ward, P. T., Bickford, D. J., & Leong, G. K. (1996). Configurations of manufacturing strategy, business strategy, environment and structure. Journal of management, 22(4), 597-626.
Zahra, S. A. (1996). Goverance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating impact of industry technological opportunities. Academy of management journal, 39(6), 1713-1735.
Ancona, D. G., Goodman, P. S., Lawrence, B. S., & Tushman, M. L. (2001). Time: A new research lens. Academy of management Review, 26(4), 645-663.
Avci, U., Madanoglu, M., & Okumus, F. (2011). Strategic orientation and performance of tourism firms: Evidence from a developing country. Tourism Management, 32(1), 147-157.
Bhatti, M. A. (2012). Practical optimization methods: With Mathematica® applications. Springer Science & Business Media.
Bhatti, Y., Prabhu, J., & Harris, M. (2020). Frugal innovation for today's and tomorrow's crises.
Bigliardi, B. (2013). The effect of innovation on financial performance: A research study involving SMEs. Innovation, 15(2), 245-255.
Buganza, T., Dell'Era, C., & Verganti, R. (2009). Exploring the relationships between product development and environmental turbulence: The case of mobile TLC services. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 26(3), 308-321.
Damanpour, F. (1996). Organizational complexity and innovation: developing and testing multiple contingency models. Management science, 42(5), 693-716.
Darvishmotevali, M., Altinay, L., & Köseoglu, M. A. (2020). The link between environmental uncertainty, organizational agility, and organizational creativity in the hotel industry. International journal of hospitality management, 87, 102499.
David Teece, and Sidney G Winter. 2007. Dynamic Capabilities: Understanding Strategic Change in Organizations. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing
DeSarbo, W. S., Anthony Di Benedetto, C., Song, M., & Sinha, I. (2005). Revisiting the Miles and Snow strategic framework: uncovering interrelationships between strategic types, capabilities, environmental uncertainty, and firm performance. Strategic management journal, 26(1), 47-74.
DeSarbo, W. S., Hwang, H., Stadler Blank, A., & Kappe, E. (2015). Constrained stochastic extended redundancy analysis. Psychometrika, 80, 516-534.
Droge, C., Calantone, R., & Harmancioglu, N. (2008). New product success: is it really controllable by managers in highly turbulent environments?. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(3), 272-286.
Droge, C., Calantone, R., & Harmancioglu, N. (2008). New product success: is it really controllable by managers in highly turbulent environments?. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(3), 272-286.
Durbin, J., & Watson, G. S. (1950). Testing for serial correlation in least squares regression: I. Biometrika, 37(3/4), 409-428.
Ernst, H., Kahle, H. N., Dubiel, A., Prabhu, J., & Subramaniam, M. (2015). The antecedents and consequences of affordable value innovations for emerging markets. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(1), 65-79.
Fazal, H., Muhammad, J., & Zahoor, U. H. (2020). Operational perspective of SMEs performance and competitive priorities practices: Path analytic approach. Studies in Business and Economics, 15(1), 55-67.
Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions.
Green, K. (2008). Understanding physical education. Sage.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2010) Multivariate Data Analysis, 7th ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Hattab, M. W., & Ruppert, D. (2021). A mixed model approach to measurement error in semiparametric regression. Statistics and Computing, 31, 1-14.
Helfat, Constance E, Sydney Finkelstein, Will Mitchell, Margaret Peteraf, Harbir Singh,
Henderson, R. (1993). Underinvestment and incompetence as responses to radical innovation: Evidence from the photolithographic alignment equipment industry. The RAND Journal of Economics, 248-270.
Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: what's the bottom line?. Strategic management journal, 22(2), 125-139.
Hossain, M. (2020). Frugal innovation: Conception, development, diffusion, and outcome. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121456.
Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R. F., & Knight, G. A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial marketing management, 33(5), 429-438.
Hult, G. T. M., Hurley, R. F., & Knight, G. A. (2004). Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance. Industrial marketing management, 33(5), 429-438.
Igartua, J. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2021). Mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: Concepts, computations, and some common confusions. The Spanish journal of psychology, 24, e49.
Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Sanz-Valle, R. (2011). Innovation, organizational learning, and performance. Journal of business research, 64(4), 408-417.
Johnston, R., & Pongatichat, P. (2008). Managing the tension between performance measurement and strategy: coping strategies. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 28(10), 941-967.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, 4th ed., pp. 233–265). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Bolger, N. (1998). Data analysis in social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, 4th ed., pp. 233–265). Boston: McGrawHill
Koubaa, R. R., & Jarboui, A. (2017). Direct and mediated associations among earnings quality, book-tax differences and the audit quality. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(3), 293-316.
Koubaa, R. R., & Jarboui, A. (2017). Direct and mediated associations among earnings quality, book-tax differences and the audit quality. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(3), 293-316.
Kyrgidou, L. P., & Spyropoulou, S. (2013). Drivers and performance outcomes of innovativeness: An empirical study. British Journal of Management, 24(3), 281-298.
Lavery, M. R., Acharya, P., Sivo, S. A., & Xu, L. (2019). Number of predictors and multicollinearity: What are their effects on error and bias in regression?. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 48(1), 27-38.
Li, H., & Atuahene-Gima, K. (2001). Product innovation strategy and the performance of new technology ventures in China. Academy of management Journal, 44(6), 1123-1134.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of business venturing, 16(5), 429-451.
Marques, C. S., & Ferreira, J. (2009). SME innovative capacity, competitive advantage and performance in a'traditional'industrial region of Portugal. Journal of technology management & innovation, 4(4), 53-68.
Martin, W. E., & Bridgmon, K. D. (2012). Quantitative and statistical research methods: From hypothesis to results. John Wiley & Sons.
Meyer, A. D., & Goes, J. B. (1988). Organizational assimilation of innovations: A multilevel contextual analysis. Academy of management journal, 31(4), 897-923.
Nguyen, C. T. P., Nguyen, D. T., & Nguyen, H. T. (2023). Personality traits and firm innovation performance: the mediation effect of entrepreneurial innovativeness. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 15(1), 113-132.
Nohria, N., & Gulati, R. (1996). Is slack good or bad for innovation?. Academy of management Journal, 39(5), 1245-1264.
Oly Ndubisi, N., & Iftikhar, K. (2012). Relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and performance: Comparing small and medium‐size enterprises. Journal of Research in Marketing and entrepreneurship, 14(2), 214-236.
Pitelli, J. P. M., & Letelier, P. S. (2011). Quantum singularities in static spacetimes. International Journal of Modern Physics D, 20(05), 729-743.
Prause, G. (2019). Smart contracts for smart supply chains. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 52(13), 2501-2506.
Radicic, D., & Djalilov, K. (2019). The impact of technological and non-technological innovations on export intensity in SMEs. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 26(4), 612-638.
Ramanujam, V., & Venkatraman, N. (1987). Planning system characteristics and planning effectiveness. Strategic Management Journal, 8(5), 453-468.
Roberts, P. W., & Amit, R. (2003). The dynamics of innovative activity and competitive advantage: The case of Australian retail banking, 1981 to 1995. Organization science, 14(2), 107-122.
Rossetto, D. E., Borini, F. M., Bernardes, R. C., & Frankwick, G. L. (2023). Measuring frugal innovation capabilities: An initial scale proposition. Technovation, 121, 102674.
Ruppert, D., Wand, M. P., & Carroll, R. J. (2003). Semiparametric regression (No. 12). Cambridge university press.
Sabherwal, R., & Chan, Y. E. (2001). Alignment between business and IS strategies: A study of prospectors, analyzers, and defenders. Information systems research, 12(1), 11-33.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2003). Research methods forbusiness students. Essex: Prentice Hall: Financial Times.
Shapiro, S. S., & Wilk, M. B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52(3-4), 591-611.
Stede, W. A. V. D., Chow, C. W., & Lin, T. W. (2006). Strategy, choice of performance measures, and performance. Behavioral research in accounting, 18(1), 185-205.
Steelman, Z. R., Havakhor, T., Sabherwal, R., & Sabherwal, S. (2019). Performance consequences of information technology investments: Implications of emphasizing new or current information technologies. Information systems research, 30(1), 204-218.
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6, pp. 497-516). Boston, MA: pearson.
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic management journal, 18(7), 509-533.
Tiwari, R., Kalogerakis, K., & Herstatt, C. (2014). Frugal innovation and analogies: some propositions for product development in emerging economies.
Tsai, K. H., & Yang, S. Y. (2013). Firm innovativeness and business performance: The joint moderating effects of market turbulence and competition. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(8), 1279-1294.
Uzkurt, C., Ceyhan, S., Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Akpinar, M. T. (2023). Government support, employee motivation and job performance in the COVID-19 times: evidence from Turkish SMEs during the short work period. International Journal of Emerging Markets.
Uzkurt, C., Kumar, R., Kimzan, H. S., & Sert, H. (2012). The impact of environmental uncertainty dimensions on organisational innovativeness: An empirical study on SMEs. International Journal of Innovation Management, 16(02), 1250015.
Venkatraman, N., & Ramanujam, V. (1987). Planning system success: a conceptualization and an operational model. Management science, 33(6), 687-705.
Wadho, W., & Chaudhry, A. (2018). Innovation and firm performance in developing countries: The case of Pakistani textile and apparel manufacturers. Research Policy, 47(7), 1283-1294.
Ward, P. T., Bickford, D. J., & Leong, G. K. (1996). Configurations of manufacturing strategy, business strategy, environment and structure. Journal of management, 22(4), 597-626.
Zahra, S. A. (1996). Goverance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating impact of industry technological opportunities. Academy of management journal, 39(6), 1713-1735.
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Published
Nov 11, 2023
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Kioma , S. K., Kosgei , D., Boit , R. S., & Chepsergon , A. K. (2023). The Mediating Role of Frugal Innovation in the Relationship between Environmental Uncertainty and Organization Performance in Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSEs). Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research Studies, 1(3), 89–114. https://doi.org/10.69897/jobemrs.v1i3.113
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Original Articles
Author Biographies
Samuel K. Kioma , Department of Management Science & Entrepreneurship, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Management Science & Entrepreneurship, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
David Kosgei , Department of Agricultural Economics & Resource Management, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Agricultural Economics & Resource Management, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
Rose Serem Boit , Department of Accounting and Finance, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Accounting and Finance, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
Amos Kiptalam Chepsergon , Department of Management Science & Entrepreneurship, Moi University, P. O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Management Science & Entrepreneurship, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya