Water Quality Parameters Effect on Zooplankton Distribution, Diversity, and Abundance in Water Pans in Semi-Arid Narok Socio-Ecological Landscape, Kenya
Main Article Content
Keywords
Zooplankton, Narok County, Water Pans, Diversity, Land Use, Water Quality, Semi-Arid Ecosystems
Abstract
Water pans in the semi-arid Narok County are essential resources supporting domestic use, livestock production, small-scale irrigation, and aquatic biodiversity. However, these systems face increasing threats from climate variability, population growth, and land-use pressures that alter water quality and ecosystem functioning. Limited empirical data linking specific water-quality stressors such as elevated nitrogen and phosphorus, turbidity, and conductivity to zooplankton populations and ecosystem services hinders effective management in this landscape. This study examined the distribution, diversity, and abundance of zooplankton in relation to water-quality variations and contrasting land-use practices across 20 water pans in the Narok socio-ecological system. Monthly sampling was conducted in February, June, and July 2023, representing the late dry season, early wet season, and post-rainy period. Physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ, while nutrients and chlorophyll-a were analyzed using APHA 2017 standard protocols. Chlorophyll-a ranged from 19.08 ± 1.05 µg/L (M118) to 176.61 ± 140.19 µg/L (M396). TN varied from 393.00 ± 30.25 µg/L (M100) to 2,609.43 ± 52.47 µg/L (M392), and TP ranged from 295.43 to 1331.14 µg/L. Zooplankton communities were dominated by Rotifera (48.9%), followed by Copepoda (25.8%), Cladocera (19.9%), and Ostracoda (5%). Taxa richness increased from the dry season (14.21 ± 0.79) to the wet season (16.43 ± 0.67; p = 0.043), while Shannon-Wiener Index rose from 1.76 to 1.96 and Simpson’s Index reached 10.72. Diversity and richness showed a negative correlation with TN, indicating nutrient enrichment as a major stressor. The dominance of stress-tolerant Rotifers in nutrient-rich pans reflected catchment land-use influences. Conserving these semi-arid water pans through riparian buffer restoration, controlled livestock access, and improved water abstraction is important for sustaining zooplankton biodiversity and ecological integrity.
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Apr 6, 2026
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Were, D., Omondi , R., Ouma, H., Angienda , P., & Abila , R. (2026). Water Quality Parameters Effect on Zooplankton Distribution, Diversity, and Abundance in Water Pans in Semi-Arid Narok Socio-Ecological Landscape, Kenya. Journal of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, 4(1), 13–35. Retrieved from https://blueprintacademicpublishers.com/index.php/JATEMS/article/view/345
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Author Biographies
Dorine Were, Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 Maseno, Kenya
Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 Maseno, Kenya
Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 1881 Kisumu, Kenya
Reuben Omondi , Department of Environment, Natural Resources and Aquatic Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
Department of Environment, Natural Resources and Aquatic Sciences, Kisii University, P.O. Box 408-40200, Kisii, Kenya
Henry Ouma, Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 Maseno, Kenya
Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 Maseno, Kenya
Paul Angienda , Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 Maseno, Kenya
Department of Zoology, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333 Maseno, Kenya
Romulus Abila , Department of Environmental Studies, Geography and Planning Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya
Department of Environmental Studies, Geography and Planning Maasai Mara University, P.O. Box 861-20500, Narok, Kenya