The Moderating Effect of Managerial Support on the Relationship Between M & E Reporting and Performance of Dairy Processing Projects in Kiambu County
Main Article Content
Keywords
Monitoring & evaluation reporting, managerial support, dairy processing, project performance, Kenya
Abstract
This study examines the moderating effect of managerial support on the relationship between M&E reporting and the performance of dairy processing projects in Kiambu County, Kenya. Despite the dairy sector's significant contribution to Kenya’s economy (6-8% of GDP), challenges such as inefficiencies in M&E systems, inadequate managerial support, and inconsistent project performance persist to haunt dairy processing firms in Kenya. The study was anchored on resource-based view theory. Using an explanatory research design, the study collected quantitative data from 162 stakeholders, consisting of project officers, monitoring officers, engineers, suppliers and distributors, selected through stratified random sampling. Structured questionnaires were administered, with a pilot study conducted before hand to assess their validity through factor analysis and reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical regression to test moderation effects. Results revealed a strong positive correlation between M&E reporting and project performance (r = 0.617, p < 0.01), indicating that effective M&E practices enhance operational performance. However, managerial support negatively moderated the relationship between M&E reporting and performance (β = -1.539, p > 0.05), suggesting that current managerial interventions may inadvertently undermine reporting efficacy. The study concludes that while M&E systems are critical for project success, their effectiveness is contingent on specific managerial support. To enhance dairy project performance, stakeholders should prioritize robust M&E systems by adopting digital tools, standardized reporting, and capacity building. Policymakers and development partners must institutionalize M&E frameworks, ensure technical autonomy, and align funding with compliance to sustain long-term impact.
References
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Korankye, B., Musah, S., & Ifeamalume, O. A. (2020). Determining the Moderating Role of Supervisory Support on the Relationship Between Organization Career Management and Employee Career Satisfaction: Evidence From Private Insurance Companies in Ghana. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 8(12).
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Masawe, G.J., & Isanzu, J. (2020). The Effects of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems on Organizational Performance: A Case of Tanzania Airport Authority-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.5.542
Masilo, M. (2024). The Importance of Integrating Learning in Monitoring and Evaluation: A Case Study on South African Non-Government Organisations. University of Johannesburg (South Africa). https://www.proquest.com/openview/1a9a21e6b799ffe669cc2966862cca25/1?cbl=2026366&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar
McIvor, R., & McHugh, M. (2000). Partnership outsourcing: An organizational change perspective. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 36(3), 12–19.
Mukundi, M. N. (2018). Design of speciality milk and competitive advantage of dairy processing firms in Nairobi County. University of Nairobi.
Muriuki, H.G. (2003) A Review of the Small Scale Dairy Sector-Kenya. Milk and Dairy Products, Post-Harvest Losses and Food Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East. FAO Prevention of Food Losses Programme. FAO, Rome.
Mutekhele, B. N. (2018). Utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems, Organizational Culture, Leadership and Performance of Educational Building Infrastructural Projects in Bungoma County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/104830
Mutekhele, B. N. (2018). Utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems, Organizational Culture, Leadership and Performance of Educational Building Infrastructural Projects in Bungoma County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/104830
Mutonyi, N., K’Aol, G., & Ouma, C. (2023). Influence of Supportive Leadership Style on the Innovative Behavior of Senior Managers in the Manufacturing Sector in Kenya. The University Journal, 3(1). https://journals.daea.or.ke/index.php/tuj/article/view/19
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Omunga, L., & Gitau, R. (2019). Influence of monitoring and evaluation on performance of building construction projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6(4), 480-496. www.strategicjournals.com
Onyango, R. O. (2019). Effects of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems on Managerial decision-making among Non-governmental Organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, St Paul's University).
Oparebea Boateng, A., Kwasi Bannor, R., Bold, E., & Helena, O. K. (2023). A systematic review of the supply of agriproducts to supermarkets in emerging markets of Africa and Asia. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1), 2247697. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23311932.2023.2247697
Otieno, G. O. (2020). Smallholder dairy farmers’ typologies, collective action, and commercialisation in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-AGRICULTURE).
Otundo Richard, M. (2024). Strategic Intelligence Systems And Performance Of Donor Funded Projects; An Empirical Review From Project Management Expertise Point Of View. Strategic Intelligence Systems And Performance Of
Donor Funded Projects. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4823890
Rutikanga, O., & Gachili, W. (2024). Effect of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Practices on Performance of Health Funded Projects in Rwanda: A Case of Malaria Control, Maternal & Child Health Programs of Ministry of Health. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project Management, 8(3), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2347
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
van der Lee, J., Zijlstra, J., Wouters, A. P., & Van Vugt, S. M. (2014). Milking to potential: Strategic framework for dairy sector development in emerging economies.
Wachira, I. J. (2015). Constraints to Profitability of Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Nyeri South Sub-County, Kenya. Constraints, 5(7).
Winiko, S. M. (2018). Monitoring and evaluation processses, project management maturity and performance of digital education tecchnologyproject in Malawi (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/104989
Ballantine, K., & Nunns, C. G. (1998). The Moderating Effect of Supervisory Support on the Self-Efficacy Work-Performance Relationship. South African Journal of Psychology, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/008124639802800307
Barasa, J. W., Njeri, S. N., & Wabwire, E. (2022). Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation on Performance of Auto-Garages in Nairobi, Kenya. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project Management, 6(3), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2090
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/014920639101700108
Baruch, Y., & Holtom, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations, 61(8), 1139–1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094863
Chepngetich, C., & Kyule, A. (2024). The Influence of Monitoring and Evaluation Imperatives on Performance of Kenya Revenue Authority. International Journal of Social Sciences Management and Entrepreneurship (IJSSME), 8(3). https://www.sagepublishers.com/index.php/ijssme/article/view/709
County Government of Kiambu (2023). County Integrated Development Plan 2023-2027. https://kiambu.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Kiambu_CIDP_2023_2027_compressed-1.pdf
De Leeuw, E. D. (2001). Reducing missing data in surveys: an overview of methods. Quality and Quantity, 35, 147-160. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1010395805406
Delgado, P., & Pinilla, V. (2023). From massification to diversification: Inequalities in the consumption of dairy products, meat and alcoholic drinks in Spain (1964–2018). In Inequality and Nutritional Transition in Economic History. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003267485-9/massification-diversification-pablo-delgado-vicente-pinilla
Deneen, C., & Boud, D. (2014). Patterns of resistance in managing assessment change. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 39(5), 577-591. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02602938.2013.859654
Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s Alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 82–88. https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/handle/1805/344
Gottschalk, P., & Solli-Sæther, H. (2005). Critical success factors from IT outsourcing theories: An empirical study. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105(6), 685–702. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/02635570510606941/full/html
Hafeez, K., Malak, N., Zhang, Y. 2007. Outsourcing non-core assets and competences of a firm using analytic hierarchy process. Computers and Operations Research, 34(12, 3592-3608. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2247697
Inisha, L., & Elly, B. (2022). Establishing Robust Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Systems.
Joel, O. O., Moses, C. L., Igbinoba, E. E., Olokundun, M. A., Salau, O. P., Ojebola, O., & Adebayo, O. P. (2023). Bolstering the Moderating Effect of Supervisory Innovative Support on Organisational Learning and Employees’ Engagement. Administrative Sciences, 13(3), 81.
Karatepe, O. M. (2010). Role Stress, Emotional Exhaustion, and Job Satisfaction in the Hotel Industry: The Moderating Role of Supervisory Support. Hospitality Review, 28(2). https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/hospitalityreview/vol28/iss2/3/
Kariuki, V. W., Chumba, S. K., & Wambua, B. K. (2023). Moderating Effect of Teachers Support on the Relationship between Conflict Management Strategies and Teachers’ Productivity in Secondary Schools in Kenya. The Educator: A Journal of the School of Education, Moi University, 3(1), 203-217. https://journals.mu.ac.ke/index.php/edj/article/view/326
Kathuku, A. (2023). Organizational Factors Influencing Performance of M&e System, a Case of Green Zones Development Support Project of Kenya Forest Service (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/163870
Kiage, A. K., & Namusonge, G. (2016). The effect of monitoring, evaluation and risk management of projects on performance of firms in the telecommunication sector in Kenya. Journal of Management, 3(4), 567-589.
Kirera, L. K. (2023). Role of Smart Villages in Preservation of Farmlands and Rural Livelihoods-a Case of Kimunyu Sub-location, Gatundu South Sub-county, Kiambu County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/164064
Kissi, E., Agyekum, K., Baiden, B.K., Tannor, R.A., Asamoah, G.E., & Andam, E.T. (2019). Impact of project monitoring and evaluation practices on construction project success criteria in Ghana. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 9(3), 364-382. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-11-2018-0135
Korankye, B., Musah, S., & Ifeamalume, O. A. (2020). Determining the Moderating Role of Supervisory Support on the Relationship Between Organization Career Management and Employee Career Satisfaction: Evidence From Private Insurance Companies in Ghana. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 8(12).
Kyule, G., & Nguli, J. (2020). Exploring Kenya dairy industry for job creation for the youth. Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and Analysis.
Masawe, G.J., & Isanzu, J. (2020). The Effects of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems on Organizational Performance: A Case of Tanzania Airport Authority-Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 5(5). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2020.5.5.542
Masilo, M. (2024). The Importance of Integrating Learning in Monitoring and Evaluation: A Case Study on South African Non-Government Organisations. University of Johannesburg (South Africa). https://www.proquest.com/openview/1a9a21e6b799ffe669cc2966862cca25/1?cbl=2026366&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar
McIvor, R., & McHugh, M. (2000). Partnership outsourcing: An organizational change perspective. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 36(3), 12–19.
Mukundi, M. N. (2018). Design of speciality milk and competitive advantage of dairy processing firms in Nairobi County. University of Nairobi.
Muriuki, H.G. (2003) A Review of the Small Scale Dairy Sector-Kenya. Milk and Dairy Products, Post-Harvest Losses and Food Safety in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Near East. FAO Prevention of Food Losses Programme. FAO, Rome.
Mutekhele, B. N. (2018). Utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems, Organizational Culture, Leadership and Performance of Educational Building Infrastructural Projects in Bungoma County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/104830
Mutekhele, B. N. (2018). Utilization of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems, Organizational Culture, Leadership and Performance of Educational Building Infrastructural Projects in Bungoma County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/104830
Mutonyi, N., K’Aol, G., & Ouma, C. (2023). Influence of Supportive Leadership Style on the Innovative Behavior of Senior Managers in the Manufacturing Sector in Kenya. The University Journal, 3(1). https://journals.daea.or.ke/index.php/tuj/article/view/19
Ngigi, M., Ahmed, M. A., Ehui, S., & Assefa, Y. (2010). Smallholder dairying in Eastern Africa. Successes in African Agriculture: Lessons for the Future, Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD, 209-61.
Njogu, J. K. (2023). Growth Strategies and Performance of Milk Processing Firms Registered with Kenya Dairy Board, Kenya. Kenyatta university. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/server/api/core/bitstreams/354fa2cc-a805-4aca-ad38-5d61c1827c7a/content
Njoroge, N. N. (2018). Monitoring And Evaluation Strategies, Management Support And Performance Of Dairy Primary Cooperative Societies In Murang’a County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/105316
Ochieng, W. R., & Maxon, R. M. (1992). An economic history of Kenya. East African Publishers
Ole Sopia, I. M., Kipchumba, S. K., & Chepkilot, R. K. (2021). Moderation of Top Management Support on the Relationship between Human Resource Strategy Evaluation and Performance: A Survey of Universities in Kenya. The International Journal of Business & Management, 9(7). https://www.internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/theijbm/article/view/165308
Omunga, L., & Gitau, R. (2019). Influence of monitoring and evaluation on performance of building construction projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6(4), 480-496. www.strategicjournals.com
Onyango, R. O. (2019). Effects of Monitoring and Evaluation Systems on Managerial decision-making among Non-governmental Organizations in Nairobi County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, St Paul's University).
Oparebea Boateng, A., Kwasi Bannor, R., Bold, E., & Helena, O. K. (2023). A systematic review of the supply of agriproducts to supermarkets in emerging markets of Africa and Asia. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1), 2247697. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23311932.2023.2247697
Otieno, G. O. (2020). Smallholder dairy farmers’ typologies, collective action, and commercialisation in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-AGRICULTURE).
Otundo Richard, M. (2024). Strategic Intelligence Systems And Performance Of Donor Funded Projects; An Empirical Review From Project Management Expertise Point Of View. Strategic Intelligence Systems And Performance Of
Donor Funded Projects. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4823890
Rutikanga, O., & Gachili, W. (2024). Effect of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Practices on Performance of Health Funded Projects in Rwanda: A Case of Malaria Control, Maternal & Child Health Programs of Ministry of Health. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Project Management, 8(3), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2347
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
van der Lee, J., Zijlstra, J., Wouters, A. P., & Van Vugt, S. M. (2014). Milking to potential: Strategic framework for dairy sector development in emerging economies.
Wachira, I. J. (2015). Constraints to Profitability of Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Nyeri South Sub-County, Kenya. Constraints, 5(7).
Winiko, S. M. (2018). Monitoring and evaluation processses, project management maturity and performance of digital education tecchnologyproject in Malawi (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). https://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/104989
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Apr 15, 2025
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Muthee , P. G., Mugo, J., & Omboto , P. (2025). The Moderating Effect of Managerial Support on the Relationship Between M & E Reporting and Performance of Dairy Processing Projects in Kiambu County. Journal of Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1), 62–81. https://doi.org/10.69897/jofhscs.v3i1.207
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Author Biographies
Peter Gitonga Muthee , Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
James Mugo, Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Accounting and Finance, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Peter Omboto , Department of Entrepreneurship and Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya
Department of Entrepreneurship and Management Science, School of Business and Economics, Moi University, P.O. Box 3900 - 30100, Kesses, Eldoret, Kenya