Does Participatory Implementation Ensure Sustainability? Assessing the Efficacy of Post-M&E Functions in South Sudan’s DHAPP Project, Juba, South Sudan
Main Article Content
Keywords
Participatory monitoring and evaluation, project sustainability, fragile states, donor dependency, South Sudan, post-conflict health systems
Abstract
Despite decades of investment in participatory monitoring and evaluation (M&E) across development sectors, evidence remains inconclusive regarding whether stakeholder involvement in implementation-phase activities actually ensures project sustainability, particularly in fragile, donor-dependent contexts where participation may become ritualized rather than empowered. Although existing literature has extensively examined community participation in project planning and implementation, the distinct contributions of post-M&E functions remain theoretically underdeveloped and empirically understudied, especially within post-conflict health systems. This study addresses this gap by investigating the effects of participatory M&E in implementation and post-M&E functions on the sustainability of the Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP) in Juba, South Sudan, a setting characterized by extreme aid dependence, weak institutional infrastructure, and cyclical political instability. The study was guided by an integrated theoretical framework drawing on Resource Dependence Theory and Institutional Theory. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, combining quantitative survey data from 162 program beneficiaries with qualitative semi-structured interviews from 8 key informants. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The results revealed that participatory post-M&E functions demonstrated a statistically significant positive relationship with project sustainability (β = .190, p = .015), though the effect size was small (R² = .036). In contrast, PM&E in implementation showed no significant association with sustainability (β = .114, p = .150), despite high descriptive ratings (M = 4.32, SD = 0.84). The multiple regression model was significant overall (F(3, 158) = 8.42, p < .001, R² = .138), yet neither participatory dimension remained significant when controlling for the other, suggesting shared variance capturing a general participatory climate. Qualitative analysis identified embeddedness of data collection routines, capacity constraints in analytical functions, and the primacy of learning and adaptation through monthly data review meetings as core thematic areas. Participatory M&E alone cannot overcome structural barriers to sustainability in donor-dependent fragile states. Program designers should prioritize genuine design-phase co-creation, address implementation-phase capacity gaps, and institutionalize post-M&E learning systems, while simultaneously advocating for diversified funding and progressive transition planning.
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Jun 26, 2026
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Owuor , F. O., Bugabo , S. G., Awici, C. C., Mogga , S. E., & Bbuye, J. (2026). Does Participatory Implementation Ensure Sustainability? Assessing the Efficacy of Post-M&E Functions in South Sudan’s DHAPP Project, Juba, South Sudan. Journal of Business, Economics and Management Research Studies, 4(2), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.69897/jobemrs.v4i2.368
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Author Biographies
Fredrick Ochieng Owuor , Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Stephen Gumisiriza Bugabo , Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Charles Churchill Awici, Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Simon Emmanuel Mogga , Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Julian Bbuye, Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda
Uganda Management Institute (UMI), P.O. Box 20131, Kampala, Uganda