Journal of Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences

The Moderating Effect of Environmental Dynamism on the Relationship Between Cyber Security and Sustainable Performance of SMEs in the Tourism Sector in Nairobi, Kenya

2026-01-04T08:30:58+00:00

In the tourism sector, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly confronted by sophisticated cyber risks while navigating highly unpredictable market conditions. Implementing robust cybersecurity measures is essential for safeguarding digital infrastructure, preserving the confidence of stakeholders, and ensuring the long-term viability of the business. Nevertheless, the degree to which these security investments contribute to organizational sustainability is often shaped by environmental dynamism, characterized by rapid technological advancements, shifting legal frameworks and market instability. This study examined the moderating effect of environmental dynamism on the relationship between cybersecurity and sustainable performance among tourism SMEs in Nairobi, Kenya. An explanatory research design was adopted, utilizing a quantitative approach to analyze the variables. The target population comprised 1,200 managers from 120 licensed tourism firms in Nairobi, from which a sample of 300 respondents was selected using the Taro Yamane formula and stratified sampling. Primary data was collected through a structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire, and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed using Cronbach’s Alpha (). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, specifically multiple linear regression and hierarchical moderation analysis, processed via SPSS version 25. The study found that SMEs in Nairobi’s tourism sector moderately implemented cybersecurity measures, with descriptive mean scores ranging from 3.06 to 3.16 across key indicators. Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between cybersecurity and sustainable performance (r = 0.492, p < 0.01), while environmental dynamism was also positively correlated with sustainable performance (r = 0.235, p < 0.05). Regression analysis confirmed that cybersecurity significantly predicted sustainable performance (β = 0.492, p < 0.01) and environmental dynamism strengthened this effect as a moderating variable (β = 0.235, p < 0.05), indicating that firms operating in more dynamic environments benefited more from robust cybersecurity practices. The study concludes that cybersecurity is a key driver of sustainable performance in tourism SMEs, particularly in volatile business. It recommends that managers adopt comprehensive cybersecurity strategies, conduct regular risk assessments, and provide continuous employee training. Policymakers should support SMEs by providing digital infrastructure, regulatory guidance, and incentives to promote cybersecurity adoption and enhance long-term sustainability.

Navigating the Storm: Geopolitical Disruptions Reshaping Global Leadership in the Financial Sector

2026-03-11T16:21:28+00:00

The contemporary global financial landscape is undergoing an unprecedented transformation driven by escalating geopolitical tensions, economic sanctions, and the fragmentation of international financial systems. This systematic literature review examines how geopolitical disruptions are fundamentally transforming global leadership in the financial sector. Adopting PRISMA guidelines, the study analyzed 156 peer-reviewed and gray literature records (2000–2025) retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, EconLit, and Google Scholar, supplemented by policy reports and citation snowballing. The evidence reveals five interconnected transformations: the fragmentation of global financial infrastructure via sanctions; the rise of regional blocs challenging Bretton Woods governance; the redefinition of leadership competencies toward geopolitical literacy; the weaponization of technology through CBDCs and techno-nationalism; and the erosion of cooperative regulatory frameworks. The review demonstrates that these disruptions propagate through interconnected transmission channels such as market volatility and operational security risks creating emergent systemic threats. While fragmentation generates efficiency losses, it simultaneously catalyzes resilience investments and institutional innovations. However, asymmetric profitability dynamics advantage large institutions, while African economies face acute challenges from externally imposed de-risking. Ultimately, financial leadership is evolving from the specialized technocrat toward a strategic generalist capable of integrating quantitative rigor with geopolitical sophistication. The review concludes that these disruptions are structurally embedded, requiring institutions to cultivate adaptive capacities, strategic foresight, and resilience engineering to navigate persistent turbulence.

The Impact of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Policies on Employee Performance in Hospitality Industry in Kenya: A Scoping Review

2026-03-30T06:00:48+00:00

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) policies are essential in safeguarding workers, particularly within labour-intensive sectors such as the hospitality industry. Empirical evidence indicates that effective OHS policies can positively influence employee performance. In Kenya, however, hospitality employees continue to experience diverse occupational hazards despite the existence of established safety policies and regulatory structures. This scoping review sought to determine the extent to which OHS policies contribute to employee performance within Kenya’s hospitality industry. The review adopted Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A total of 50 relevant studies were systematically identified and analysed. The findings demonstrate that OHS policies have a significant positive influence on employee performance, with effective safety implementation, ergonomic interventions, welfare programs, and psychosocial support mechanisms contributing to improved productivity, reduced absenteeism, and enhanced service quality. The study recommends that hospitality establishments institutionalise mandatory and continuous OHS training; that government agencies strengthen OHS Act audits and enforcement mechanisms; that the hospitality sector expand OHS programs beyond physical safety to include psychosocial wellbeing; that stakeholders enhance data collection and research capacity on OHS; and that safety policy coverage be broadened to incorporate small and informal hospitality enterprises.