Economic Viability of Agricultural Carbon Sources on Asian Rice (Oryza sativa Lejeunia 1753.) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production in a Flocponic System
Main Article Content
Keywords
Flocponic, yield, Nile tilapia, net income, profitability
Abstract
A flocponic system is a fish and plant-based system that uses carbon sources. However, the economic viability of using carbon sources for production remains unknown. Hence, the study assessed the economic viability of utilizing agricultural carbon sources in a flocponic system. A complete randomized design was employed in five treatments (wheat-bran, rhodes-hay, maize-cob, maize-stables, lucerne-hay, agricultural carbon sources, and a control (no carbon), each in triplicate. Each treatment and control had Nile tilapia and rice densities of 98 m-3 fry and 250 m-2 rice, respectively. The fish yield differed among the treatments and control, with lucerne-hay showing the highest output (2.53±0.02 kgm-3) and control having the lowest. The rice yield component also showed variability. Lucerne-hay had the highest grain yield of 5.70±0.25 kgm-3, followed by wheat-bran, rhodes-hay, maize-cob, and maize-stables treatments. The control yielded the lowest weight of grains and rice straws. The flocponic system's profitability varied between the treatment and control groups. Lucerne-hay, wheat-bran, and rhodes-hay generated positive net income, amounting to 1338.39, 474.69, and 266.1, respectively. The benefit-cost ratios for the lucerne-hay, wheat-bran, and Rhodes-hay treatments were greater than one, with lucerne-hay having the highest value (1.72). There was a slight variation in the expense structure ratio; wheat-bran had the lowest value of 0.88. The gross revenue ratio varied between the treatments and the control group; the control had the highest ratio of 145.39, and lucerne-hay had the lowest. The lucerne-hay, wheat-bran, rhodes-hay, and maize-cob treatments yielded a positive return on investment, while the maize-stable treatment and control had a negative return on investment. The proximate composition and cost of the carbon source may have impacted the profitability of the flocponic production. Wheat-bran, lucerne-hay, and rhodes-hay are suitable for flocponic output because of their high productivity and profitability, resulting in a favorable return on investment. These options are economically viable.
References
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Hottel, J.B. & Gardner, B.L. (1983) The rate of return to investment in agriculture and measuring net farm income. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 65(3), 553–557.
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Magni, C.A. (2013) Average internal rate of return and investment decisions: a new perspective. The Engineering Economist, 1(April), 37–41. https:// www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00137911003791856
Manan, H., Amin-Safwan, A., Kasan, N. A., and Ikhwanuddin, M. (2020). Effects of biofloc application on survival rate, growth performance and specific growth rate of pacific white leg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei culture in closed hatchery system. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 23: 1563-1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/
pjbs.2020.1563.1571.
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Obiero, K., Brian Mboya, J., Okoth Ouko, K. and Okech, K. (2022) Economic feasibility of fish cage culture in Lake Victoria, Kenya. Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 2, 484–492. https://doi.org/10.1002/aff2.7.
Olaoye, O.J., Ashley-Dejo, S.S., Fakoya, E.O., Ikeweinwe, N.B., Alegbeleye, W.O., Ashaolu, F.O., et al. (2013) Assessment of socio-economic analysis of fish farming in Oyo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Agriculture and Veterinary, 13(9), 197–208.
Pinho, S. M., Jessica, P. L., Luiz, H. D., Mauricio, G. C. E., Samon, G., Marc, C. J. V., Karel, J. K., and Maria, C. P. (2021). Flocponics: The integration of biofloc technology with production. Review in aquaculture, 00:1-29, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/raq.12617.
Ricker, W. E. (1979). 11-Growth rates and models. Fish physiology, Vol. 8, pp 677-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1546-5098(08)60034-5.
Shoko, A. P., Limbu, S. M., and Mgaya, Y. D. (2016). Effect of stocking density on growth performance, survival, production, and financial benefits of African sharp tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) monoculture in earthen ponds.
Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 28(3), 220-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2016.1188338.
Sotiropoulos, T. (2006). Sucrose and Sorbitol effects on shoot growth and proliferation in vitro, nutritional status, and peroxidase and catalase isoenzymes of M 9 and MM 106 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) rootstocks. European Journal of Horticulture Science 71(3):114–119.
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Published
Jul 12, 2024
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Rono, K., Matolla , G., Manyala , J. O., & Masese , F. O. (2024). Economic Viability of Agricultural Carbon Sources on Asian Rice (Oryza sativa Lejeunia 1753.) and Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Production in a Flocponic System. Journal of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, 2(2), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.69897/jatems.v2i2.128
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Author Biographies
Kenneth Rono, School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Eldoret,1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Eldoret, Kenya
Geraldine Matolla , School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Eldoret,1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Eldoret, Kenya
Julius Otieno Manyala , School of Special Planning and Natural Resource Management, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, 210-40601, Bondo, Kenya
School of Special Planning and Natural Resource Management, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Kenya
Frank Onderi Masese , School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Eldoret, 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
School of Environmental Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Eldoret, Kenya